In the heart of South Africa lies Gauteng, a province steeped in history and rich in culture. Formed from a segment of the old Transvaal Province following South Africa's first democratic elections on April 27, 1994, Gauteng initially bore the name Pretoria-Witwatersrand-Vereeniging (PWV). This nomenclature was later changed to "Gauteng" on June 28, 1995. The term "PWV," predating the province, originally included "Vaal Triangle" rather than Vereeniging.
Gauteng's historical canvas is vast and varied. At the Sterkfontein caves, one of the world's most significant archaeological sites, lie some of the oldest hominid fossils ever discovered, including the famous Mrs. Ples and Little Foot. These discoveries provide invaluable insights into early human evolution.
The city of Pretoria, established in 1855 as the capital of the South African Republic (ZAR), marks another historical cornerstone of Gauteng. The discovery of gold in 1886 near this region transformed it into the world's foremost gold producer. This gold rush led to the founding of Johannesburg, which overshadowed Pretoria in terms of growth and development. However, Pretoria maintained its prestige, especially for its role in the Second Boer War. Notably, the Cullinan Diamond, the largest diamond ever found, was mined in 1905 near Pretoria in Cullinan.
Gauteng's role in South Africa's struggle against apartheid is profound. Landmark events such as the Freedom Charter of 1955, Women's March of 1956, Sharpeville massacre of 1960, the Rivonia Trial of 1963-1964, the little Rivonia Trial of 1964, the Soweto Uprising of 1976, and Sharpeville Six of 1984, all occurred within Gauteng. These events were pivotal in shaping the country's history and its eventual transition to democracy.
Gauteng, derived from the Sotho word meaning 'place of gold', is not only a historical and political landmark but also an economic powerhouse. Despite being the smallest of South Africa's nine provinces, its influence is monumental. The province is a bustling nexus of commerce and industry, with its urban centers of Pretoria, Johannesburg, and Vereeniging forming a vibrant economic triangle.
Gauteng's journey from the PWV to its current status is a tale of transformation and resilience. It encapsulates South Africa's turbulent history, its rich cultural heritage, and its ongoing quest for growth and development. As a symbol of South Africa's golden heart, Gauteng continues to shine, reflecting the enduring spirit of a nation on the move.