Nestled on the north-western corner of Church Square in Pretoria, the National Bank building, locally known as 'de Nationale Bank en Munt', stands as an emblem of a bygone era. Its magnificent Renaissance style combined with the sturdy sandstone façade serves as a vivid reminiscence of a time characterized by dusty roads, ox wagons, horse carts, and vibrant political and church assemblies.
This first State-owned bank was not just a financial institution; it bore the heavy responsibility of administrating the finances of the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (ZAR). It was during an era where the very foundations of the country were being laid down, and the significance of a stable financial system was more crucial than ever.
The establishment of the National Bank was not a solo endeavor. The Volksraad, understanding the importance of international cooperation, granted a concession to investors from Britain, the Netherlands, and Germany. This international collaboration was not only for the establishment of the bank but also to lay the groundwork for a State Mint located right behind the National Bank.
Entrusted with the pivotal role of equipping the Mint was Friedrich Munscheid, a seasoned professional from the Imperial Mint in Germany. Munscheid, understanding the significance and intricacy of the task, promptly ordered three coin presses from the renowned Ludwig Loewe in Berlin.
The Mint's initial releases were coins inspired by British sizes and denominations. Among the earliest were the gold pound, the 5/-, 2/6, 1/-, and the silver pennies in 3 and 6 denominations. Additionally, bronze pennies and half pennies also made their way into circulation.
However, the political tides of the region shifted with the end of the Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902), marking a British victory. This victory led to the closure of the Mint on Church Square. It wasn't until 1919, under the new Mint Act, that the British decided to resurrect minting operations, establishing a branch of the Royal Mint in 1923.
One of the most fascinating aspects of the National Bank building is its cornerstone. Located just about a meter off the ground, this cornerstone was meticulously laid by President Paul Kruger on 6 July 1892. A silver trowel, a gift from the building's builders led by J.J.Kirkness, was used for this historic act. The dedication of President Kruger to precision is legendary; he ensured the cornerstone was flawlessly level.
1898 brought about an intriguing episode. President Paul Kruger, granted Sammy Marks unrestricted access to the mint for an entire day. This led to the production of the rare Sammy-marks tiekie, of which only 215 were ever made.
The National Bank and Mint building on Church Square stands not just as an architectural marvel but as a testimony to the rich and varied history of Pretoria. Every stone, every coin, every story attached to this building reminds us of the dynamic past that shaped the nation.